As we know, the belt conveyor would transport some sticky materials such as coal dust, mud, powder and etc. And part of them would stay in the belt, and the partial materials would stick to the roller, which would do damage to the roller. For the belt conveyor design, the installation of the sweeper is very important. If the sweeper device is in good conditions, the service life of roller and belt conveyor could be prolonged. So the importance of the conveyor sweeper could not be neglected.
As one of the conveyor components, the selection of the sweeper is difficult to fit the belt conveyor. The water content and particle size of materials are changeable, which determine the efficiency of the sweeper. So the cleaning of each kind of materials should be considered separately. Although the sweeper is installed, the related adjustment should be done to fit the performance of the materials. Sometimes, the users should consider install many sweepers to reach the best conditions of the belt conveyor. There are some kinds of sweepers such as flexible scraping sweeper, screw sweeper, rotating sweeper, and idler wheel type sweeper and etc. This is importance of conveyor components, and it is suitable for the other equipment, such as screw conveyor, stacker reclaimer and etc. If the conveyor components could play the proper role, the operating of the whole equipment could be good.
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There are three types of apron feeder, heavy type, middle-sized type, and light type. The apron feeder is the common feeding equipment in the concentrating mill.
The light apron feeder is suitable for continuously conveying lump materials with feed size under 160mm in short distance. The middle-sized apron feeder is suitable for intermittently conveying lump materials with feed size under 400mm. The heavy apron feeder is the auxiliary equipment of transportation machinery, which is applied in the cement and construction materials field. The heavy apron feeder could be regarded as the stock bin to continuously feed materials to primary crusher. The apron feeder could be installed in the horizontal and slanting installation, with the largest inclination of 12 degrees. In order to avoid the situation that the materials strike directly the feeder, the stock bin could not be in the condition of emptying. And for the maintenance of the apron feeder, the following tips are as follows: 1. The feed size should be controlled in the specified range. 2. The large-block material should avoid the situation that large lump material directly impact the frid. 3. The speed regulation of motor should be from low speed to high speed or from high speed to low speed. The instant speed regulation should be avoided. 4. After reduction box runs for 300 hours, the lubricating oil must be changed. After that, the change of oil should be done per 2000h's running. Other lubricating points should be added with new lubricating oil in regular. 5. In normal working conditions, the apron feeder should run smoothly and steadily without vibrating and oil leak. The highest temperature of oil is not over 80 degrees Celsius and the temperature rise is not over 60 degrees Celsius. If any abnormal condition occur, the users should check the fault reason and clear the trouble. As one of the mining equipment, the apron feeder sometimes coordinate with the screw conveyor, stacker reclaimer, belt conveyor to complete the process of handling materials. As one of the belt conveyor, pipe conveyor has both advantages and disadvantages. Some disadvantages are as follows:
1. The pipe conveyor's belt should be special made. Although the pipe conveyor adopts the plain belt, the belt should be changed into pipe shape with sealing requirement. So the margin of belt should be different from the general conveyor belt. For the pipe belt conveyor design, the designer should pay attention to this point. 2. In the course of conveying materials, the materials are contained in the pipe, which increases the stress between materials and belt. In this way, the traveling resistance coefficient of pipe conveyor is larger than general belt conveyor. 3. Compared with the general belt conveyor, the pipe conveyor has small conveying capacity when the belt speed and belt width are same. 4. The pipe conveyor has the complicated calculation. For the normal designer, it is difficult to master this calculation. 5. Although the pipe conveyor has no problem of belt deflection of general belt conveyor, the belt torsion will occur in the conveying materials, which may damage the conveyor belt. Although the pipe conveyor has above disadvantages, there are so many advantages such as sealing conveyor, easy for space curve, small space usage and etc. The pipe conveyor is widely used in cement, steel, chemical, grain and other industries, which could coordinate with the stacker reclaimer to complete the conveying of materials. In the coal power plant, there would be dust in some place. The dust is resulting from the raising dust with wind blowing and handling coal of bucket wheel machine. In generally, there would be three methods of avoiding dust. The first one is spray dust-removal in sealing house, but the cost is high. The second one is adopting wind break wall, with disadvantage of high cost. The third one is using the spray gun to remove the dust, with advantage of low cost and high efficiency. However, there will be a problem of prior-period investment. If choosing large spray gun, the range and cover area is large. The quantity of large spray gun is less than small spray gun. However, the large spray gun has larger volume. The price of the large spray gun is higher than small spray gun. To balance this contradiction is difficult and important. The most important thing is the design of the spray gun, which needs designer to consider the earlier investment and the low cost factor. The spray gun is easily influenced by wind power. The best solution is that the wind break wall is added outside of the spray dust-removal equipment.
In this way, the stacker reclaimer and belt conveyor could convey the coal to the fixed destination without much dust. This is an important measure for protecting the environment. The apron feeder has three types including heavy type, medium type, and light type. According to the unit weight of materials, different apron feeder is selected. The apron feeder is widely applied in metallurgy, building materials, chemical industry, coal industry and etc. There are some main parameters of apron feeder.
1. Thickness of link plate It is the main technical parameter of the apron feeder. If the granularity of material is large, the wide link plate will be chosen. Otherwise, the narrow link plate will be chosen. In this way, the materials could be conveyed better. 2. Delivery Rate The delivery rate determines the capacity of the apron feeder. However, the delivery rate could not exceed the 0.25m/s. If the speed is high, the materials may kick ahead, which would lead to the abrasion of the apron feeder. Besides, the feeding speed may increase the degree of most parts, reducing the service life of the parts. 3. The match between link plate speed and link plate Due to the high speed of link plate, the traction of link plate is small. So the specification of link plate should be selected accordingly. Many EPC companies would choose the reasonable apron feeder and belt conveyor to complete the project. The parameters are so important when choosing the proper equipment. The slewer of boom bucket wheel stacker reclaimer has 3 main forms including bogie hearth, large rotating bearing, roller type. And the large rotating bearing is the common one. The large rotating bearing has many features such as simple installation and easy operating. The disadvantage is the difficult change for new one. So many users would choose the large rotating bearing with excellent quality, avoiding the changing of large rotating bearing or reducing the times of changing. Then some reasons of damaging of large rotating bearing are as follows: 1. The poor lubrication results in shorting the service life of the large rotating bearing. The lubrication is the main method of ensuring the service life of the large rotating bearing. In the course of the operating the stacker reclaimer, the lubrication of the large rotating bearing should be done regularly. Otherwise, the poor lubrication will result in the damage of the large rotating bearing. 2. The poor sealing of the large rotating bearing of stacker reclaimer leads to the short service life. If the sundries enter into the ball track, grinding will come into being and the abrasion will become worse. 3. The connecting flange has no enough rigidity, which result in the short service life of the large rotating bearing. If the rigidity is not good, the deformation of the slewing bearing will occur, which would intensify the damaging of the rolling element and rollaway nest. The protection for the components is so important, not only the components of stacker reclaimer, but also the components of other equipment such as conveyor components, screw feeder components and apron feeder components. The portal scraper reclaimer and boom scraper reclaimer are the main types. The differences are as follows:
1. The portal reclaimer has reasonable structure. The partial weight of portal frame and scrapper reclaimer is supported by the wall(blocking materials). In this way, the stress state under the central cylinder, and the running of the portal scraper could operate smoothly. And the boom scraper reclaimer's load could be transmitted to the central cylinder. In this way, the design and manufacturing difficulty is large and the stability of the equipment is bad. 2. The portal reclaimer has compact structure, and there is no need to design the balance weight. The space occupied under the portal reclaimer is small. The boom reclaimer should be designed with large balance weight. 3. The portal reclaimer need the circle track in the wall(blocking materials), and the related cost of setting circle track. The balance weight load of the boom scraper reclaimer is central under the central cylinder, which makes the cost of building central cylinder high. 4. The slewing bearing of portal reclaimer only bears partial load and it is the small model without the outer gear ring. While the boom reclaimer must bear all the load, the model of the slewing bearing is large with outer gear ring and high costs. In general, the stacker reclaimer is used with other equipment such as apron feeder, belt conveyor, screw conveyor and pipe conveyor to convey the materials. The stacker reclaimer is one of the mining equipment. And the bridge scraper reclaimer has many advantages such as good homo-effect, large reclaiming capacity, and simple structure. It is widely used in steel, building materials, energy and etc. Whether the reclaiming capacity could meet the related requirements will directly influence the usability of the equipment. The reclaiming capacity of the bridge scraper reclaimer is influenced by many factors, such as the travelling speed of the equipment, the running speed of the scraper. The travelling of the scraper reclaimer is divided into two working conditions, shunting work condition and reclaiming work condition.
In shunting work condition, the stacker reclaimer operates to the assigned stock bin according to the directions. In order to increase the working efficiency, the travelling speed should be high when the equipment is not in the reclaiming work condition. In this way, the stacker reclaimer could reach the fixed stock pin in short time. In reclaiming work condition, the travelling speed of the equipment should be low to ensure the stable running of the equipment. In order to fit for the reclaiming capacity of the equipment, the variable-frequency and variable-speed motor is adopted, which could realize the constant speed of the equipment. The travelling speed of the equipment and running speed of scraper has the mutual confining action. The two factors should be combined when design the stacker reclaimer. Besides, if the stacker reclaimer coordinate with the belt conveyor, some conveyor components should be checked in regular time. The belt conveyor is one of the main transportation equipment in the coal selecting industry. And the conveyor belt is the most important part of the belt conveyor. The conveyor belt is not only the hauling mechanism but also the carrying mechanism. The quality of the conveyor belt determines the performance of the belt conveyor. Besides, the conveyor belt price is high, which accounts for 50%-70% of the total cost of the belt conveyor. In the maintenance costs of the belt conveyor, the cost of the belt plays the leading role. So it is important that the operators should pay attention to the maintenance and regular check on the conveyor belt, which could reduce the times of breakdown. This is an important measure to prolong the service life of the equipment and reduce the cost of the transportation. There are some measures to protect the belt conveyor.
The belt maintenance involves many aspects. The drive roll is disposed with rubber coating, which could control the slipping of the belt. The butt welding is applied in the belt conveyor, which could prevent the slipping of the conveyor belt. The regular check on the middle frame and idler of the belt conveyor, which could prevent the indirect influence on belt resulting from the damage and deformation of some parts. Sometimes, the handling materials equipment could be used together to complete the conveying of the materials, such as stacker reclaimer, apron feeder, screw conveyor and belt conveyor. This is a very large conveying system. However, each part in the processing of conveying materials is essential. Apron feeder is widely used in the field of mining, metallurgy, building material and coal industry. It conveys bulk materials in short distance evenly and continuously and normally it is used under the silo or hopper after first grinding and conveys the material to second grinding, screening or other transportation facilities. Apron feeder has good adaptability of material in different granularity, temperature, viscosity even the frozen material. Apron feeder can be installed in horizontal or incline with maximum 25°.
The conditions must be met before the operating of the apron feeder. 1. The anchor bolt should be checked whether it is tightened. 2. The connection of all parts should be checked. 3. The oil level should be also checked strictly. 4. The tensioning condition of link plate should be checked. 5. The attachment bolt should be checked in regular time, avoiding starting the machine when the attachment bolt is loose. 6. After the check of running no-load, the running with load could be carried out. 7. 20 tons of macadam and other small materials should be put in the first time. These materials could be regarded as the protection of the link plate. 8. In order to protect the link plate, the apron feeder could not empty the materials. As one of the mining equipment, the apron feeder always coordinate with the belt conveyor to transport the materials and protect the belt conveyor from being destroyed by large and heavy materials. |